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• Title: Investigation of Cadmium (II) Ions Biosorption Onto Pretreated Dried Activated Sludge (Report)
• Author : American Journal of Environmental Sciences
• Release Date : January 01, 2009
• Genre: Science & Nature,Books,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 187 KB

Description

INTRODUCTION Heavy metal ions present in some industrial effluents have detrimental effects on the environments such as water and soil (1-5). Conventional methods for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater such as: chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, solvent extraction were found to be ineffective or expensive and require high capital and operating costs, also may result large volumes of sludge causing disposal problems (1), (5-10). Therefore, recent researches have been focused on use of nonconventional alternative including different biomaterials such as: waste sludge, algae, yeast and fungal biomass (1), (5), (6). Biomaterials are environmental-friendly, cost-effective, highly selective, high biosorption capacity and high efficiency in detoxifying dilute wastewater (1), (5), (7-9). Biosorption of metal ions is the passive binding of heavy metal ions to biopolymers on the cell wall of organisms. On the other hand, passive binding of heavy metal ions was defined as biosorption and active binding on the cell wall of live organisms defined as bioaccumulation (1), (5), (10). Dead biomaterial is more applicable than living biomaterial, because living system requires nutrients and maintenance of living biomass is very difficult in high toxicity environment. In addition, dead biomaterials can be easily regenerated and reuse (7), (8), (10). Waste activated sludge as a biomaterial, for removal of heavy metal ions can be used because of low cost and its availability (1), (11-15). Activated sludge consists of microbial population such as bacteria and protozoa (1). Bacterial biomass in activated sludge is a natural biosorbent for heavy metal ions because of its negative cell wall charge. Cell wall of bacteria consists of polymeric substances that contain negatively charged functional groups, such as carboxyl, phosphate and sulfate (1), (13), (16), (17). In a few literatures, biosorption of heavy metal ions onto pretreated activated sludge was studied (2). In this study, dried activated sludge was pretreated with different solutions and the kinetic and isotherm models of the biosorption were investigated.

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